Pustules on the face and body: causes and treatments

Pustules are common skin lesions that can affect children, teenagers, and adults. You may therefore be confronted with them multiple times throughout your life. Understanding their origin, associated symptoms and possible solutions is essential for effective care and treatment, and to prevent recurrences.

The appearance of these pimples can be linked to various pathologies. They are a visible symptom of an underlying skin imbalance. To treat them properly and avoid potential complications, it is important to understand their nature and characteristics.

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What is a pustule?

A pustule is a raised skin lesion that is visible and palpable, often red at the base and filled with pus. This whitish or yellowish fluid consists of dead cells, white blood cells, and bacteria. Pustules can vary in size (usually less than 1 cm). In cases of acne, these blemishes are generally smaller than 5 mm in diameter, and appear on the face, chest, or other parts of the body.

Unlike papules, they contain a fluid and therefore have a white or yellow head. They can disappear on their own or develop and leave scars, especially if you manipulate or try to squeeze them. These lesions often result from inflammation of the hair follicles or epidermis, triggered by clogged pores, bacterial or viral infections, or an immune system reaction.

The keys to understanding pustules and taking effective action

These lesions are frequently accompanied by local or systemic symptoms. Local symptoms include redness around the pustule, a feeling of tightness due to pus accumulation, itching (pruritus), and pain when they are deep or numerous. Systemic symptoms may include fever or a general deterioration of health.

When pustules first appear, acting fast is important. This is especially true if the pimples are accompanied by fever, rapid spread, or an increase in size or pain. In such cases, it is necessary to seek medical advice from a doctor or a dermatologist for a clinical examination.

Differentiating pustules from other skin lesions

Pustules are easily mistaken for other skin conditions, such as papules or vesicles. However, identifying them is fairly simple: the pus. Unlike pustules, papules are firm and do not contain pus. Whiteheads and blackheads, on the other hand, are caused by a sebum build-up, but do not involve inflammation. Vesicles also contain a fluid, but it is clear, whereas pus is typically white or yellowish.

To be sure to adopt the right gestures and find the right treatments, it is essential to identify the exact nature through a visual examination, or even a medical diagnosis. Reacting quickly and appropriately will help prevent complications and implement the most suitable solutions.

What causes pustules?

Pustules result from a combination of internal and external factors, and primarily form in response to inflammation or infection. Here are some of the most common causes:

Acne, caused by clogged pores due to excess sebum and a dead skin cells and impurities build-up. This leads to the accumulation of bacteria naturally present on the skin, which triggers an inflammatory reaction and the formation of a pimple.
Immune reactions triggered by an allergen found in medication or allergic contact dermatitis.
Pustular psoriasis, a form of psoriasis often accompanied by erythema and pain.
An autoimmune disease or systemic disorder.

Proper hygiene: your best ally

Inadequate hygiene can worsen the condition or slow down the healing process. In cases of acne, poor hygiene can influence the development of these skin imperfections in various ways. Insufficient cleansing leads to an accumulation of sebum, sweat and impurities on the face. This creates an environment that will promote clogged pores, bacterial proliferation, and increases the risks of pustule formation.

While regularity is key, proper cleansing is equally important. Avoid using harsh or unsuitable products such as overly abrasive cleansers, irritating ingredients, or comedogenic creams that further clog the pores. Overwashing can also disrupt the skin’s natural balance, drying it out, and stimulating sebum production. A vicious circle that can easily be avoided with the right skincare routine.

On a daily basis, adopting the right habits, and avoiding bad ones is important. Stop touching your face, as your hands carry bacteria that can penetrate the pores and cause pustules. Additionally, make sure to wash the accessories you use regularly, such as towels, to prevent bacterial spread.

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Adopt a suitable skincare routine

Wash your face twice a day with a gentle, soap-free cleanser to get rid of sweat and bacteria. Hydrate your skin daily with non-comedogenic creams, even if you have an oily-skin. Remember to also use sun protection in summer and winter to protect your skin from the harmful effect of UV rays that can worsen inflammation.

Limit triggering factors

Avoid using cosmetic products that clog the pores. Refrain from touching or squeezing pustules, as it can worsen inflammation and lead to secondary infection.

Adopt a healthy lifestyle

To do this, try to have a balanced diet. Stay hydrated throughout the day to help flush out toxins. You can also incorporate relaxing practices such as yoga and meditation to better manage your stress.

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Scars and pustules: how to protect your skin in the long term?

Sometimes, a pimple can leave a scar, damaging the tissue and leaving visible marks. This is often the case when the pustule is squeezed, as it increases the risk of infection and slows down the healing process. As a result, the chances of long-lasting marks are significantly higher.

To avoid this, promptly treating the pustules, using healing creams, and protecting your skin from the sun is important. If, despite your best efforts, scars persist, you may consider dermatological treatments provided by a professional. These include chemical peels, laser treatments, or microdermabrasion. Additionally, some creams are a good solution to help reduce and remove these blemishes.

When should you consult a dermatologist?

If, despite your best efforts, pimples continue to appear, if the lesions persist despite multiple treatments, or if the inflammation becomes painful and is accompanied by redness, it is important to consult a doctor or a dermatologist promptly for a clinical examination. This is also the case if pustules are accompanied by fever, fatigue, or appear in sensitive areas. People with psoriasis or an autoimmune disease should also be monitored to establish a diagnosis and receive a treatment tailored to their specific situation.

Pustules and acne: quality products for healthy skin

In the case of acne, effective treatment relies on the use of appropriate dermatological products. The Avène Comedomed range offers solutions to treat and prevent skin blemishes that can ruin your daily life.

Comedomed Cleansing Gel. A purifying gel that deeply cleanse without aggression. It limits excess sebum while maintaining the natural balance of your skin.
Comedomed Concentrate. A targeted treatment that reduces existing pustules and prevent their recurrence thanks to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. Its lightweight non-comedogenic formula, with rapid absorption, is ideal for oily and combination skin.
Comedomed Peeling. This gentle exfoliation product promotes skin renewal and unclogs pores. Used once or twice a week, it helps reduce blemishes.

Which treatment to choose?

The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the cause of the pustules, the severity of the symptoms, and your skin type. A breakout caused by acne will require different care than pustules resulting from a viral infection such as chickenpox. Mild cases can be managed by cosmetic treatments, while more severe forms require medical consultation.

Topical treatments

Topical treatments include creams, gels or lotions containing active ingredients such as benzoyl peroxide.

Advantages: Easy to use on the daily, directly target each pimple.
Disadvantages: May cause irritation or dryness.

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Oral medication

Oral medication, such as antibiotics or retinoids, are prescribed to treat moderate to severe acne.

Advantages: Act on the root causes of inflammation, requires medical supervision.
Disadvantages: Possible side effects, such as dryness or irritability.

Cosmetic treatments

Cosmetic treatments are specifically formulated for acne-prone skin.

Advantages: Combine prevention and treatment, tailored to the specific needs of the skin.
Disadvantages: Require regular use for optimal results.